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C2EBUGHI DEPOSHfc 



MANUAL OF 
AMERICAN 

CITIZEN:, 
SHIP 





GEORGE WASHINGTON 

The "Father of His Country" — Commander-in-Chief in the 
War of the Revolution. First President of the Re- 
public. Chief Author of the Independence of the 
United States. 

Born February 22, 1732. Died December 14, 1799. 



X 



A MANUAL 

OF 

AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 

THINGS EVERY AMERICAN 
SHOULD KNOW 

BY 
EDWIN NOAH HARDY, Ph.D. 




AMERICAN TRACT SOCIETY 

PARK AVENUE AND FORTIETH STREET 

NEW YORK 






Copyright, 1919 
By American Tract Society 



JON 24iyj9 



©CI.A515980 % , 



FOREWORD 

We are confident this Manual meets a 
long-felt need. Not only our foreign-born 
population, but also vast numbers of our 
American-born citizens, have no clear and 
definite knowledge as to what it really 
means to be a true and high-minded Amer- 
ican citizen, and, as a consequence, do not 
understand and appreciate their obligations 
to the country of adoption or birth. The 
facts are both briefly and comprehensively 
stated. They embrace our country's dis- 
covery and geography, its climate and set- 
tlement, its vast resources in minerals and 
agriculture. The Manual tells us of the for- 
mation of the colonies, and their struggle 
for independence, and the founding of a na- 
tion. It further informs us as to the gov- 
ernment of the United States and its offi- 
cials, and how its laws are administered. 
It also tells us of marriage and the home, 



Foreword 



and the relation between parents and chil- 
dren. We are informed what it means to 
have a good character, and how to establish 
and develop it, and that the longing in the 
heart and soul of man after the Eternal is 
the basis of religion, the Church and the 
Sacraments and of all that lifts man into 
spiritual communion with his Creator and 
Father. 

The Golden Rule is forcibly set forth, and 
it is shown that its fulfilment will usher in 
" an ideal social order with equal rights, 
complete justice and happiness for all men 
in all stations of life." 

The author has not only performed excel- 
lent work, but rendered a very exceptional 
service in a field that has been long waiting 
for such harvesting. We believe the Man- 
ual ought to be on the table in the living 
room of every home, and used as a text- 
book in our schools and colleges. 

Judson Swift. 



PART I 
AMERICA 



Here is the Nation God has builded by our 
hands. What shall we do with it? Who is there 
who does not stand ready at all times to act in her 
behalf in a spirit of devoted and disinterested pa- 
triotism? We are yet in the youth and the first 
consciousness of our power. The day of our coun- 
try's life is still but in its fresh morning. Let 
us lift up our eyes to the great tracts of life yet to 
be conquered in the interest of righteous peace. 
Come, let us renew our allegiance to America, con- 
serve her strength in its purity, make her chief 
among those who serve mankind, self -reverenced, 
self-commanding, mistress of all forces of quiet 
counsel, strong above all others in good-will and 
the might of invincible justice and right. 

Woodrow Wilson. 



A MANUAL OF 
AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP 

CHAPTER I 

GEOGRAPHY 

America is the most wonderful country in 
the world, and every one who lives here ought 
to know something about it. Many call it 
" God's Country,' ' and with good reason. 

1. Why Is the United States Called 

America? 
The whole western continent was called 
America in 1507 in honor of the Italian dis- 
coverer, Amerigo Vespucci ; more recently the 
name America has been applied to the 
United States. 

2. What Are the Boundaries of the United 

States? 
The main body of the United States ex- 
tends across the North American Continent 
from the Atlantic Ocean on the east to the 
3 



4 A Manual of American Citizenship 

Pacific Ocean on the west, and from Canada 
and the Great Lakes on the north to Mexico 
and the Gulf of Mexico on the south. 

3. What Other Countries Belong to the 

United States? 
Alaska, Porto Rico, the Hawaiian Islands, 
the Panama Canal Zone, and several islands 
of the Pacific Ocean. The United States also 
governs the Philippine Islands. 

4. What Is the Size of the United States? 

The area of the mainland of the United 
States is 3,032,049 square miles; with Alaska 
and the other dependencies, 3,690,822 square 
miles. 

5. What Is the Climate of the United States? 

Because of its vast area and because of 
the wet and dry seasons of the Pacific Coast, 
America offers the greatest variation in cli- 
mate. 

6. What Are the Mineral Resources of the 

United States? 
It is the richest country in the world in 
mineral resources. It produces 60 per cent. 



Geography 



of the copper of the world, 72 per cent, of the 
oil, 42 per cent, of the iron, 37 per cent, of 
the coal, 26 per cent, of the silver, 20 per 
cent, of the gold. 

7. What Are the Food Resources of the 

United States? 

Its farms and ranches could nearly supply 
the world with bread, fruit and meat. It pro- 
duces 75 per cent, of the corn of the world 
and 25 per cent, of the wheat. It is now pro- 
ducing almost every food product to be found 
anywhere. 

8. What Are Some of the Other Resources 

of the United States? 
The United States has half a billion acres 
of timber land. It produces 70 per cent, of 
the cotton and much of the wool of the world, 
has immense fisheries, and is the greatest 
sugar-producing country. 

9. What Natural Power Has the United 

States? 
Almost limitless deposits of coal, oil and 
gas, plenty of wood and timber, and immeas- 
urable water power to change the raw ma- 



6 A Manual of American Citizenship 

terial into the finished product for the use of 
man. 

10. Are All the Resources of the United 
States Developed? 

The vast resources of the United States are 
now only partially developed, offering the 
greatest possible opportunities to her indus- 
trious and ambitious citizens. There are mil- 
lions of acres of land now held by the Govern- 
ment, great desert regions to be reclaimed by 
public irrigation, besides hundreds of thou- 
sands of acres of land for sale at a nominal 
price. 



CHAPTER II 

DISCOVERY OF AMERICA 

For thousands of years the American con- 
tinent was unknown to the civilized world. 
Why ? Many believe that God hid this coun- 
try with its wonderful resources and oppor- 
tunities until men knew how to rightly use 
civil and religious liberty, that in America 
might be produced the noblest type of man- 
hood and womanhood and a great democratic 
Christian nation — truly " God's country.' ' 

1. When Was America Discovered? 
America was discovered October 12, 1492, 

by Christopher Columbus. Raising the Span- 
ish flag and setting up the Cross, he took pos- 
session of the new country for Christ and 
Spain. * 

2. Who Was Christopher Columbus? 

An Italian sailor born in Genoa, 1445. He 
was very poor but ambitious. He believed the 
world was round and that India could be 
reached by sailing west. 
7 



8 A Manual of American Citizenship 

3. What Did People Think of Columbus? 
Almost every one laughed at him and 

thought him insane or a fool. It was eight- 
een years before he found friends in King 
Ferdinand and Queen Isabella of Spain, who 
aided him. 

4. Did Columbus Really Reach America? 
He landed probably on one of the Bahama 

Islands, but thought it was India. 

5. Was the Country Inhabited? 

Yes. It was inhabited by Red Men whom 
Columbus called Indians because he thought 
the country was India. They were savages, 
warring among themselves and living largely 
by hunting and fishing. 

6. How Did the Europeans Treat the In- 

dians? 
At first kindly, then with great injustice, 
often robbing them of their land and driving 
them from their hunting grounds. 

7. Are There Many Indians Now? 

There are now about 350,000 Indians in the 
United States — about as many as when the 



Discovery of America 9 

country was discovered. Many of these In- 
dians are respected citizens. 

8. Were There Other Discoverers of Amer- 

ica? 
Yes. John Cabot, an Englishman, discov- 
ered North America in 1497. Amerigo Ves- 
pucci, an Italian, discovered Central Amer- 
ica in 1497. Vasco Balboa, a Spaniard, from 
the top of a mountain in Panama saw the 
Pacific Ocean in 1513. Jacques Cartier, a 
Frenchman, discovered the St. Lawrence in 
1535. Fernando De Soto, discovered the Mis- 
sissippi in 1542. 

9. What Countries Sent Explorers to Amer- 

ica? 

All the great countries of Europe: Eng- 
land, France, Spain, Portugal, Italy and Hol- 
land. 

10. In 1600 What American Possessions Did 

These Countries Hold? 

England held most of the Atlantic sea-coast. 
France held Canada and the Great Lakes. 
Spain held South and Central America, Mex- 
ico and the Mississippi Valley. 



CHAPTER in 

THE SETTLEMENT OF 
AMERICA 

Aorair. ~r raise a sue-sti:::: ^Tiy was the 
United States settled by God-fearing, home- 
loving, liberty-seeking men? Out of many 
nations only such men became the permanent 
settlers of America. God hid this conntary 
an ] settled it by those who honored Him, that 
this might be the greatest free. Christian Re- 
public in the worl 

1. Bow Soon After Its Discovery Was 

America Settled? 
I: ~as n:re than a century before there 
a a permanent settlement in Amen : 

2. When Was the First English Settlement : 

The first English settlement was made at 
Jamestown, Virginia, in 1607. by a little band 
of 105 people consisting of families, with Cap- 
tain John Smith as their fearless leader. 
10 



The Settlement of America 11 

3. What Was the First Dutch Settlement? 
In 1609 Henry Hudson discovered the Hud- 
son River, and immediately the Dutch began 
the settlement of New Amsterdam. 

4. How Long Did the Dutch Control New 

York? 
Until 1664, when the English gained con- 
trol of New Amsterdam and changed the name 
to New York. 

5. Who Were the Pilgrims and Where Did 

They Settle? 
They were English Christians who because 
of the persecutions in England at that time 
emigrated to America in the Mayfloiver and 
landed at Plymouth, Massachusetts, December 
20, 1620. 

6. What Was the Mayflower Covenant? 

It was a written covenant of freedom drawn 
up by these Pilgrims on board the Mayflower. 
This is one of the great historical documents 
of the world. 

7. Who Were the Puritans? 

The Puritans were ardent English patriots 
and Christians who came to America that they 



12 A Manual of American Citizenship 

might enjoy civil and religious liberty and 
began a settlement in Massachusetts in 1628. 

8. When and by Whom Were Other Settle- 

ments Made? 
Louisiana was settled by Frenchmen in 
1630 ; Delaware by Swedes in 1638 ; Pennsyl- 
vania by English Quakers in 1682 ; Texas by 
Spaniards in 1692; and other portions by 
these and various other nationalities in later 
years. 

9. Would It Not Appear, Then, That All 

Americans Are Foreigners Either by 

Birth or Descent? 
Certainly : but a true American ceases to be 
a foreigner as soon as he is naturalized ; that 
is, when he adopts the principles of the Re- 
public and obeys its laws. 






CHAPTER IV 

THE COLONIAL PERIOD 

The period 1682-1776 is known as " the 
colonial period/' because during that time 
the settlements were governed as separate 
colonies of the English crown. Thus for a 
century the colonists, enjoying great freedom, 
were learning how to govern themselves in 
local and state affairs. 

1. What Were the Colonial Wars? 

For nearly the whole of this period France 
and England were at war. In 1757, at Que- 
bec, the English were victorious and Canada 
became subject to England. 

2. What Effect Did These Wars Have upon 

the Colonists? 

The colonies became united. The colonists 
fought against the French and Indians, and 
learned how to fight. The wars developed 
strong military leaders and thus prepared the 
colonists for the great struggle for Independ- 
ence. 

13 



14 A Manual of American Citizenship 

3. How Were the Colonies Governed? 

Two of the colonies, Connecticut and Rhode 
Island, had royal charters and were very inde- 
pendent Massachusetts had a charter and 
special rights, but was ruled by a Governor 
chosen by the King. Seven of the colonies 
had Governors without charters. The rest 
were ruled by proprietors who originally 
owned the land. 

4. Were the Colonies Free to Govern Them- 

selves? 

With the possible exception of Maryland 
the people of the colonies enjoyed great free- 
dom in the management of local affairs. 

5. What Kind of a Government Did the 

Colonists Establish? 

At first a pure democracy. Nearly all the 
males of 21 years of age enjoyed equal rights. 

6. Who Made the Local Laws? 

The voters at the town meeting. Officers 
were chosen by vote to execute the laws and to 
explain their meaning. 



The Colonial Period 15 

7. What Happened as the Towns Grew 

(Larger? 

As the towns increased in size and number 
certain powers of the voter were delegated to 
chosen representatives who acted for them. 

8. What Was the County Organization? 

A group of near-by towns formed a county 
organization to make laws and regulations 
which would promote the common welfare. 

9. Was There Representative Government 

in the Colonies? 

Each of the colonies had a representative or- 
ganization, much like the State Government 
of to-day. 

10. What Was the Colonial Federation? 

It was a loose union of the thirteen colonies 
for the common welfare of all. 



CHAPTER V 

THE WAR OF INDEPEND- 
ENCE 

1. When Was the War of Independence? 
Beginning in 1775 between England and 

America, the War of Independence lasted 
seven years and ended with the Independence 
of America. 

2. What Caused the War of Independence? 
The restriction of personal and political 

liberties of the colonists by the autocratic 
power of the English Government. 

3. What Were Some of These Restrictions? 
" Taxation without Representation/' " The 

Stamp Act," restriction of trade, and many 
others. 

4. What Did the Colonies Do to Secure Re- 

dress? 
They petitioned the King and Parliament, 
but to no avail. They threatened, but that did 
16 



The War of Independence 17 

no good, and as the last resort they took up 
arms. 

5. What Was the Declaration of Independ- 

ence? 

It was a public document proclaiming the 
independence of the thirteen English Colonies 
in America and stating the reasons why the 
colonies would no longer endure English rule. 

6. When Was the Declaration of Independ- 

ence Made? 
The Declaration of Independence was drawn 
up in Philadelphia and proclaimed July 4, 
1776. 

7. How Was the War of Independence 

Ended? 

By the Treaty of Peace signed in Paris, Sep- 
tember 3, 1783. 

8. What Did the Treaty of Peace Secure? 

Great Britain recognized the independence 
of the colonies, then known as the Thirteen 
Sovereign States. By the treaty all the terri- 
tory from the Atlantic to the Mississippi was 
ceded to the States. 



18 A Manual of American Citizenship 

9. What Was the Significance of the Decla- 
ration of Independence? 

It is believed to be the world's greatest his- 
torical document on human rights and free- 
dom. 

The Introduction and Conclusion of the 
Declaration of Independence. 

" When, in the course of human events, it 
becomes necessary for one people to dissolve 
the political bonds which have connected them 
with another, and to assume, among the powers 
of the earth, the separate and equal station to 
which the laws of nature and of nature's 
God entitle them, a decent respect to the opin- 
ions of mankind requires that they should de- 
clare the causes which impel them to the 
separation." 

" We hold these truths to be self-evident; 
that all men are created equal ; that they are 
endowed by their Creator with certain un- 
alienable rights; that among these are life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. That 
to secure these rights, governments are insti- 
tuted among men, deriving their just powers 
from the consent of the governed ; that when- 
ever any form of government becomes destruc- 



The War of Independence 19 

tive of these ends, it is the right of the people 
to alter or to abolish it, and institute new gov- 
ernment, laying its foundation on such prin- 
ciples, and organizing its powers in such form, 
as to them shall seem most likely to effect their 
safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will 
dictate that governments long established 
should not be changed for light and transient 
causes; and, accordingly, all experience hath 
shown, that mankind are more disposed to suf- 
fer, while evils are sufferable, than to right 
themselves by abolishing the forms to which 
they are accustomed. But when a long train 
of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invari- 
ably the same objects, evinces a design to re- 
duce them under absolute despotism, it is their 
right, it is their duty, to throw off such gov- 
ernment, and to provide new guards for their 
future security. Such has been the patient 
sufferance of these Colonies, and such is now 
the necessity which constrains them to alter 
their former systems of government.' ' . . . 

11 We, therefore, the Representatives of the 
United States of America, in General Congress 
assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of 
the world for the rectitude of our intentions, 
do, in the name, and by the authority of the 



20 A Manual of American Citizenship 

good people of these Colonies, solemnly pub- 
lish and declare, That these United Colonies 
are, and of right ought to be, free and inde- 
pendent States; that they are (absolved from 
all allegiance to the British Crown, and that 
all political connection between them and the 
State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, 
totally dissolved; and that, as free and inde- 
pendent States, they have full power to levy 
war, conclude peace, contract alliances, estab- 
lish commerce, and to do all other acts and 
things which independent States may of right 
do. And for the support of this declaration, 
with a firm reliance on the protection of Divine 
Providence, we mutually pledge to each other 
our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor." 



CHAPTER VI 

THE FOUNDING OF THE 
NATION 

Thus far we have noted the clear signs that 
God was directing the discovery and settle- 
ment of America. For the founding of Amer- 
ica God raised up great leaders with a won- 
derful vision of a free Christian nation. We 
hold that in America He is working out a 
great plan for the good of all mankind. 

1. What Was One of the Great Results of 

the War of Independence? 

The thirteen Colonial States became a 
nation. 

2. Was the Nation Founded at Once? 

No. It was thirteen years after the Decla- 
ration of Independence before there was an 
American nation. 

3. What Caused the Delay? 

The colonies feared the loss of some of their 
local rights and liberties. 
21 



22 A Manual of American Citizenship 

4. What Were the First Steps Toward the 

Founding of the Nation? 
In 1777 Congress formulated a loose plan 
of national government which was called a 
" Federation of States/' 

5. Was This Plan Successful? 

No. The people soon saw that if they 
would enjoy real freedom, perfect unity, peace 
and prosperity, they must have a strong, cen- 
tral, representative government. 

6. What Great Convention Was Called? 

A national convention of representatives 
of the colonies was called in Philadelphia in 
1781 to organize the new government. 

7. What Did This Convention Do? 

After the most serious thought the Conven- 
tion drafted the Constitution and submitted 
it to the State legislatures for ratification. 

8. When Was the Constitution Adopted 

Establishing the United States of 

America? 
In 1789 nine of the Colonial States ratified 
the Constitution, and the United States of 
America was established. 



The Founding of the Nation 23 

9. What Was the Constitution? 

The Constitution was the supreme, perma- 
nent Law of the United States. 

10. What Was the Preamble of the Consti- 

tution? 

c< We the people of the United States, in 
order to form a more perfect Union, establish 
justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide 
for the common defence, promote the general 
welfare, and secure the blessings of liberty to 
ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and 
establish this Constitution of the United States 
of America.' ' 

11. Can the Constitution of the United 

States Be Changed? 

The Constitution can be amended by the 
vote of the people through Congress and rati- 
fication by the State legislatures. 

12. Has the Constitution Been Amended? 

The makers of the Constitution were so 
wise that in one hundred and thirty years but 
eighteen changes have been made. 



24* A Manual of American Citizenship 

13. How Many States Were There at First? 
When the Constitution was adopted there 

were thirteen States and less than four million 
people in the United States. 

14. How Many States Are There Now? 
There are forty-eight States and about one 

hundred and ten million people in the United 
States, and with the Philippine Islands about 
one hundred and twenty millions. 

15. Has the United States Prospered under 

the Constitution? 

The United States is the wealthiest nation in 
the world and one of the strongest and is a 
leader among the nations in all things which 
concern the highest welfare of all the people. 



CHAPTER VII 

THE AMERICAN FLAG 

The American Flag is the most beautiful 
and significant flag in the world. It is the 
flag of a free people, representing all the 
struggles and the sacrifices for civil and re- 
ligious liberty in the past, all the high ideals 
and principles for which America now stands, 
and it is the pledge of the continuance of these 
liberties and a larger enjoyment of them in 
the future. 

1. What Is Our National Flag? 

Our flag is the emblem of the nation and 
symbolizes that for which the nation stands. 

2. When and Where Was the First Ameri- 

can Flag Unfurled? 
January 2, 1776, at Cambridge, Massachu- 
setts, by George Washington when he took 
command of the American Army. 

3. Was This the Stars and Stripes? 

No. It was a flag without stars, English 
crosses taking their place. 
25 



26 A Manual of American Citizenship 

4. Who Designed the Flag as Now Used? 
Betsey Boss, of Philadelphia, in 1776. 

5. When Was the American Flag Adopted 

by Congress? 
June 14, 1777, Congress adopted the Stars 
and Stripes as the national flag, with seven red 
stripes, six white stripes, and a blue field with 
thirteen white stars. 

6. For What Did the Stars and Stripes 

Stand? 

The thirteen stars and stripes represented 
the Union of the thirteen sovereign Colonial 
States. 

7. What Changes Were Later Made in the 

Flag? 

In 1818 it was enacted by Congress that the 
thirteen stripes should remain the same, but 
that a new star should be added to the flag 
with the admission of every new State in the 
Union. 

8. What is the Meaning of the Colors of the 

Flag? 

The red signifies courage and sacrifice : the 
white signifies purity and nobility of charac- 



The American Flag &7 

ter : the blue signifies loyalty to our flag, our 
country, and our God. 

9. What is the Pledge to the Flag? 

1 1 I pledge allegiance to my Flag and to the 
Republic for which it stands ; one nation, in- 
divisible, with liberty and justice to all. ' ' 

10. By What Other Name is the Flag 

Known? 

The American Flag is often called " Old 
Glory.' ' 



CHAPTER VIII 

OUR NATIONAL SONGS 

America is very fortunate in its patriotic 
songs. They express, with love of country, 
high religious sentiment. 

A. Our National Flag-Song. 

1. What is the American Flag-Song? 

The American Flag-song is " The Star- 
Spangled Banner." 

2. Who Wrote the Star-Spangled Banner? 
Francis Scott Key composed " The Star- 
Spangled Banner," September 14, 1814. 

3. What Incident Caused the Writing of the 

Flag-Song? 
The author, a prisoner on a British battle- 
ship, witnessed the night attack on Fort Mc- 
Henry, and was inspired to write the song 
when he saw the Stars and Stripes still float- 
ing over the Fort at daybreak. 
28 



' Our National Songs 29 

THE STAR-SPANGLED BANNER 
By Francis Scott Key 

Oh, say, can you see, by the dawn's early light, 

What so proudly we hailed at the twilight's 
last gleaming ? 

Whose broad stripes and bright stars, through 
the perilous fight, 

O'er the ramparts we watched were so gal- 
lantly streaming ; 

And the rockets' red glare, the bombs burst- 
ing in air, 

Gave proof through the night that our flag 
was still there. 

Oh, say, does that Star-Spangled Banner yet 
wave 

'er the land of the free and the home of the 
brave? 

On that shore dimly seen through the mists of 
the deep, 

Where the foe 's haughty host in dread silence 
reposes, 

What is that which the breeze, o 'er the tower- 
ing steep, 

As it fitfully blows, now conceals, now dis- 
closes ! 



30 A Manual of American Citizenship 

Now it catches the gleam of the morning's 
first beam, 

In full glory reflected, now shines on the 
stream ; 

'Tis the Star-Spangled Banner; oh, long may- 
it wave 

'er the land of the free and the home of the 
brave ! 

And where are the foes who so vauntingly 
swore 

That the havoc of war and the battle's con- 
fusion 

A home and a country should leave us no 
more? 

Their blood has washed out their foul foot- 
steps' pollution; 

No refuge could save the hireling and slave 

From the terror of flight or the gloom of the 
grave ; 

And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph 
doth wave 

'er the land of the free and the home of the 
brave. 

Oh, thus be it ever, when freemen shall stand 



Our National Songs 31 

Between their loved homes and the war's deso- 
lation ! 

Blest with victory and peace, may the Heaven- 
rescued land 

Praise the Power that hath made and pre- 
served us a nation ! 

Then conquer we must, when our cause it is 
just, 

And this be our motto, " In God is our 
trust !" 

And the Star-Spangled Banner in triumph 
shall wave 

'er the land of the free and the home of the 
brave ! 

B. Our National Hymn. 

1. What is the National Hymn of the United 

States? 

The National Hymn of the United States is 
11 America." 

2. When and by Whom Was It Written? 

It was written in 1832 by Rev. Samuel F. 
Smith. 

3. What is the Tune Used? 

The melody ascribed to Henry Carey (1732) 



32 A Manual of American Citizenship 

is identical with the English National Anthem, 
" Gk)d save the King," and is popular in 
France and elsewhere. 

4. What Characterizes Both the Flag-Song 
and the National Hymn? 

The strong religious sentiment of America, 
" In God we trust." 

THE NATIONAL ANTHEM 

AMERICA 

My country, 'tis of thee, 
Sweet land of liberty, 

Of thee I sing; 
Land where my fathers died, 
Land of the Pilgrims' pride, 
From every mountain-side 

Let freedom ring. 

My chosen country — thee, 
Land of the noble, free — 

Thy name I love; 
I love thy rocks and rills, 
Thy woods and templed hills, 
My heart with rapture thrills 

Like that above. 



Our National Songs 33 

Let music swell the breeze, 
And ring from all the trees 

Sweet freedom's song; 
Let mortal tongues awake, 
Let all that breathe partake, 
Let rocks their silence break, — 

The sound prolong. 

Our fathers' God, to Thee, 
Author of liberty, 

To Thee we sing ; 
Long may our land be bright 
"With freedom's holy light, — 
Protect us by Thy might, 

Great God, our King. 



CHAPTER IX 

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE 
UNITED STATES 

The Government of the United States is a 
Democratic Republic, " A government of the 
people, by the people, for the people.' ? The 
people are sovereign and rule. 

1. What Are the Three Great Divisions of 
the Government? 

(a) The Legislative, which makes the Laws. 

(b) The Executive, which enforces the 
Laws. 

(c) The Judicial, which interprets the 
Laws. 

A. The Legislative Department. 

1. What is the Law-making Department? 
Congress is the law-making department 

of the United States. 

2. Of How Many Branches is it Com- 

posed? 
There are two branches. The Senate and 
the House of Representatives. 

34 



The Government of the United States 35 

3. How Many Senators Are There? 

Two Senators from each State elected for 
six years by voters of that State. 

4. What Are the Qualifications of a 

United States Senator? 
A Senator must be not less than thirty 
years of age, nine years a citizen of the 
United States, and a resident of the State 
from which chosen. 

5. Who Presides Over the Senate? 
The Vice-President. 

6. What Are the Special Powers of the 

Senate? 
The Senate may approve or reject ap- 
pointments made by the President ; approve 
or reject treaties with foreign countries; 
try impeachments of United States Offi- 
cials. 

7. How Are United States Congressional 

Representatives Chosen? 
United States Representatives are elected 
for two years by vote of the people of each 
Congressional district and are apportioned 
to each State on the basis of population. 



36 A Manual of American Citizenship 

8. What Are the Qualifications of a 

United States Representative? 

A Representative must be not less than 
twenty-five years of age, seven years a citi- 
zen of the United States, and a resident of 
the State from which chosen. 

9. What Are the Special Powers of the 

House of Representatives? 

It may choose its speaker from its own 
members ; initiate bills for raising revenue ; 
impeach United States Officials. 

10. What Are Some of the General Powers 

of Congress? 

Congress makes the laws of the United 
States; may levy and collect taxes, duties, 
imposts and excises; regulate commerce 
with foreign nations ; coin money ; establish 
postoffices; declare war and maintain and 
support an army and navy; provide uni- 
form laws of naturalization. 

11. When Does Congress Meet? 
Congress meets in regular session on the 

first Monday of December each year or at 
the call of the President in Special session. 



The Government of the United States 37 

B. The Executive Department. 

1. Who is the Chief Executive of the 

United States? 

The President. 

2. How is the President Elected? 

The President is elected for four years by 
electors, equal in number to the Senators 
and Representatives of each State in Con- 
gress, and chosen by the voters of the State. 

3. What Are the Qualifications of the 

President? 

The President of the United States must 
be not less than thirty-five years of age, a 
native-born citizen of the United States, and 
must have lived at least fourteen years in 
the United States. 

4. What Are the Powers and Duties of the 

President? 
The President appoints, with approval of 
the Senate, Cabinet Secretaries, Ambassa- 
dors, Postmasters, United States Marshals 
and Judges; makes treaties with foreign 
countries by and with the consent of the 
Senate; approves or vetoes bills passed by 



38 A Manual of American Citizenship 

Congress; may pardon criminals in the 
United States prisons; may convene or ad- 
journ Congress; is the Commander-in-Chief 
of the Army and Navy. 

5. How is the Vice-President of the 

United States Elected? 
The Vice-President is elected the same 
as the President and must have the same 
qualifications. 

6. Who Succeeds the President if He 

Should Die, Be Disabled or Removed 
from Office? 
The Vice-President, and after him the 
Secretary of State. 

7. What is the President's Term of Office 

Usually Called? 
The President's term of office is usually 
called " The Administration. " 

8. How is the Administrative or Execu- 

tive Branch of the National Govern- 
ment Divided? 

The Executive Department is divided into 
ten departments with a Secretary at the 



The Government of the United States 39 

head of each, chosen by the President by 
the approval of the Senate, who may be re- 
moved by the President at his will. 

9. What Do These Ten Secretaries Form? 
The President's Cabinet. 

10. What Are the Functions of the Ten 

State Departments and Secretaries? 

(a) The Secretary of State and his de- 
partment deal with international affairs. 

(b) The Secretary of the Treasury and 
his department deal with money affairs, the 
banks and the collection of duties. 

(c) The Attorney-General and the De- 
partment of Justice take charge of legal 
affairs in which the United States may be 
concerned. 

(d) The Secretary of the Interior and his 
department has charge of the internal af- 
fairs of the nation — Indian affairs, patents, 
pensions, public lands, education. 

(e) The Postmaster General and his de- 
partment manage the national mail service. 

(f ) The Secretary of the Navy and his 
department deal with the Navy and naval 
affairs. 



40 A Manual of American Citizenship 

(g) The Secretary of War and his de- 
partment deal with the Army and military 
affairs. 

(h) The Secretary of Agriculture and his 
department deal with the agricultural inter- 
ests of the nation. 

(i) The Secretary of Commerce and his 
department deal with commercial affairs. 

(j) The Secretary of Labor and his de- 
partment deal with industrial relations and 
immigration. 

C. The Judicial Department. 

1. What is the Purpose of the Judicial De- 

partment of the Government? 

The Judicial department interprets and de- 
cides upon the laws of the country. 

2. What is the Highest Court in the 

United States? 

The Supreme Court which sits in Wash- 
ington, D. C. Its decisions are final. 

3. How Many Judges of the Supreme 

Court Are There? 
A Chief Justice and eight associates are 



The Government of the United States 41 

appointed for life by the President with 
the consent of the Senate. 

4. What Other United States Courts Are 

Associated with the Supreme Court? 
There are nine Circuit Courts of Appeals, 
each presided over by a Justice of the Su- 
preme Court. 

5. What United States Court Issues Natu- 

ralization Papers? 

The United States is divided into one hun- 
dred and one districts, each with a District 
Court which issues naturalization papers. 

6. How Are the Judges of the United 

States Courts Appointed? 
They are all appointed by the President 
with the approval of the Senate. 



CHAPTER X 

THE WARS OF THE UNITED 
S T A TE S 

The history of the United States can be 
remembered by associating it with important 
events and persons. American wars have 
been waged for the protection of citizens in 
their rights, and not for conquest. 

1. What Was the Revolutionary War? 

The English colonies revolted from England 
in 1775 because they felt that they were un- 
justly governed. The war which followed 
was called the "War of the Revolution. It 
lasted from 1775 to 1782 and resulted in free- 
ing the colonies from English rule. 

(a) What Prominent Americans Took 
Part in the War of Independence 
and the Establishment of the Na- 
tion? 
George "Washington, Thomas Jefferson, 

Samuel Adams, Robert Morris, Benjamin 

42 



The Wars of the United States 43 

Franklin, John Hancock, Alexander Hamil- 
ton, Patrick Henry. 

(b) What Prominent European Pa- 
triots Aided the Colonies in the 
War of Independence? 

Lafayette, Pulaski, Kosciusko, Baron 
Steuben. 

2. What Was the War of 1812? 

The refusal of England to recognize the in- 
dependence of the United States led to the 
second war with England from 1812 to 1814. 

(a) What was the Monroe Doctrine? 

The Monroe Doctrine was a declaration 
made soon after the War of 1812, that any 
foreign Power seeking to acquire territory 
in either North or South America would be 
considered unfriendly to the United States. 

3. What Was the Mexican War? 

A war with Mexico was fought in 1846- 
1848 because of trouble which arose over the 
State of Texas becoming a part of the United 
States, 



44 A Manual of American Citizenship 

4. What Was the Civil War? 

A war between the Northern and Southern 
States from 1861 to 1865. The war was 
caused by the claim of the Southern States 
that they could leave the United States at will. 
The claim was made because of a difference 
of opinion between North and South over the 
question of Negro Slavery. 

(a) What Was the Result of the Civil 

War? 

The Civil War resulted in the reunion of 
North and South and ended Negro Slavery 
in the United States. 

(b) Who Were the Prominent Generals 

of the Civil War? 
Grant, Meade, Sherman, Sheridan, Mc- 
Clellan for the North; Lee, Jackson, two 
Johnsons, Gordon, Early for the South. 

(c) Who Was the President of the United 

States? 

Abraham Lincoln. 

(d) What Were Lincoln's Two Great 

Historical Documents? 
The Proclamation of Emancipation free- 



The Wars of the United States 45 

ing the Negroes from slavery and his ad- 
dress at the dedication of the National 
Cemetery at Gettysburg. 

THE GETTYSBURG ADDRESS 
By Abraham Lincoln 

Fourscore and seven years ago our fathers 
brought forth on this continent a new nation, 
conceived in liberty, and dedicated to the 
proposition that all men are created equal. 

Now we are engaged in a great civil war, 
testing whether that nation, or any nation so 
conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. 
We are met on a great battlefield of that war. 
We have come to dedicate a portion of that 
field as a final resting-place for those who here 
.gave their lives that that nation might live. 
It is altogether fitting and proper that we 
should do this. 

But, in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate 

— we cannot consecrate — we cannot hallow 

— this ground. The brave men, living and 
dead, who struggled here have consecrated it 
far above our poor power to add or detract. 
The world will little note, nor long remember, 
what we say here, but it can never forget what 
they did here. It is for us, the living, rather 



46 A Manual of American Citizenship 

to be dedicated here to the unfinished work 
which they who fought here have thus far so 
nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here 
dedicated to the great task remaining before 
us — that from these honored dead we take 
increased devotion to that cause for which 
they gave the last full measure of devotion — 
that we here highly resolve that these dead 
shall not have died in vain — that this nation, 
under God, shall have a new birth of freedom 
— and that government of the people, by the 
people, for the people shall not perish from 
the earth. 

5. What Was the Spanish War? 

The Spanish War was caused by Spanish 
misrule in Cuba in 1898. As a result of this 
war Cuba became an independent republic, 
and the United States secured Porto Rico and 
the Philippine Islands. 

6. What Was the World War? 

A war between autocracy and democracy 
beginning August 4, 1914, when Germany at- 
tempted the overthrow of democracy and the 
conquest of the world for the privileged 
classes. 









ABRAHAM LINCOLN 

The Savior of Our Country. Commander-in-Chief in Civil 

War. President 1861-1865. 
Born February 12, 1809. Died April 14, 1865. 

47 



The Wars of the United States 49 

(a) When Did the United States Declare 

War With the Central Powers? 
War was declared April 6, 1917. 

(b) What Was the Immediate Result of 

this Declaration of War? 
All lovers of liberty and democracy 
throughout the world were fired with new 
courage. 

(c) What Was the Final Result of the 

Entrance of the United States into 
the War? 

Our Country with her great wealth and 
resources and her army of 4,000,000 men 
made possible for the allies a complete vic- 
tory for democracy and world-peace. 



CHAPTER XI 

HOW HAS THE UNITED 

STATES INCREASED 

HER TERRITORY? 

Although the United States has waged no 
wars of conquest, yet she has greatly increased 
her territory in the course of time. 

1. When Was the Louisiana Territory 

Added? 
The territory from the Mississippi River to 
the Rocky Mountains was purchased from 
France in 1803. 

2. When Was Florida Added? 

In 1819, by purchase from Spain. 

3. When Was Texas Added? 
In 1846, by annexation. 

4. When Was the Oregon Territory Added? 

In 1846 the great Northwest was added by 
boundary settlement with Great Britain. 

50 



1 

y 



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i 



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Increased Territory 51 

5. When Was the California Territory 

Added? 
In 1847 and 1858, by purchase from Spain. 

6. When Was Alaska Added? 

In 1867, by purchase from Russia. 

7. When Were the Hawaiian Islands 

Added? 
In 1898, by annexation. 

8. When Were Porto Rico and the Philip- 

pine Islands Added? 
In 1898, ceded from Spain. 

9. When Was the Panama Canal Zone 

Added? 
In 1909, by purchase. 

10. How Much Have These Additions 

Increased the Size of the United 
States? 

The United States has now four times the 
area she possessed in 1800. 

AMERICAN HOLIDAYS 

The people of the United States keep many 
holidays, but only those are here noted which 



52 A Manual of American Citizenship 




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Increased Territory 53 

are set apart by national authority or gener- 
ally observed. 

1. January 1 New Year's Day 

2. February 12 Lincoln's Birthday 

3. February 22 Washington's Birthday 

4. May 30 Memorial Day 

5. July 4 Independence Day 

6. September, first 

Monday after 

the first Sunday Labor Day 

7. October 12 Columbus Day 

8. November, last 

Thursday Thanksgiving Day 

9. December 25 Christmas Day 

Postal Rules and Regulations 

1. First-Class Matter. 

(a) Letters, manuscripts and anything 
sealed, two cents for each ounce or fraction 
anywhere in the United States and to Guam, 
Hawaii, Philippine Islands, Porto Rico, Tu- 
tuila, the Canal Zone and to Canada, Cuba, 
Mexico, and the Republic of Panama. The 
same rates apply to letters to Germany, Great 
Britain and Ireland. 

(b) Postal cards one cent. 



54 A Manual of American Citizenship 

2. Second-Class Matter. 

Newspapers and periodicals one cent for 
each four ounces or fraction. (This is largely 
for publishers' use.) 

3. Third-Class Matter. 

Miscellaneous matter, in unsealed packages, 
one cent for each two ounces or fraction. 

4. Special Delivery Letters. 

Ten cents in addition to regular postage 
secures immediate delivery of the letter within 
the carrier-delivery limit of the city of free 
delivery or within one mile of any other 
United States Postoffice. 

5. Registration of Letters. 

Eegistration provides for safe transmission 
and correct delivery. Registered letters go 
to every postoffice in the world. The registry 
fee is ten cents in addition to the regular rate. 

6. Parcel Post. 

Parcel post rates are subject to weight and 
distance. The rate is very low and can be 
ascertained at any postoffice. 



Increased Territory 55 

The Weights and Measures Used in the 
United States 

Long Measure 
12 inches=l foot 
3 f eet=l yard 
1760 yards (5,280 feet)=l mile 
1 inch=.025 metre 
1 foot=.30 metre 
1 yard=.91 metre 
1 mile=1.61 kilometres 

Square Measure 
144 square inclies=l square foot 

9 square feet=l square yard 
4840 square yards=l acre 
640 acres=l square mile 
1 square fook=.09 square metre 
1 square yard=.84 square metre 
1 acre=4046.71 square metres 
1 acre=.407 hectar 
1 square mile=2.50 square kilometres 

Cubic Measure 

1728 cubic inches=l cubic foot 
27 cubic feet=l cubic yard 
1 cubic foot=.028 cubic metre 
1 cubic yard=.76 cubic metre 



56 A Manual of American Citizenship 

Dry Measure 

2 pints=l quart 
8 quarts=l peck 
4 pecks=l bushel 
1 pint=.55 litre 
1 quart^^l.l litres 
1 peck=8.8 litres 
1 bushel=35 litres 

Liquid Measure 

4 gills=l pint 

2 pints=l quart 

4 quarts=l gallon 
31% gallons=l barrel 

2 barrels=l hogshead 
1 p int=. 47 litre 
1 quart=.95 litre 
1 gallon=3.8 litres 
1 barrel=1.19 hektolitres 

Weight 

16 ounces=l pound 
2,000 pounds=l ton 
1 ounce=28 grains 
1 pound=.45 kilogram 
1 ton=.91 metric ton 



PART II 
THE AMERICAN CITIZEN 



There can be no divided allegiance here. Any 
man who says he is an American, but something 
else also, isn't an American at all. We have room 
for but one flag, the American Flag, and this ex- 
cludes the red flag, which symbolizes all wars 
against liberty and civilization, just as much as it 
excludes any foreign flag of a nation to which we 
are hostile. We have room for but one language 
here, and that is the English language, for we in- 
tend to see that the crucible turns our people out 
as Americans, of American nationality, and not as 
dwellers in a polyglot boarding-house; and we 
have room for but one soul loyalty and that is 
loyalty to the American people. 

Theodore Roosevelt. 







THEODORE ROOSEVELT 

Typical American 

Virile, versatile, masterful President 

Born October 27, 1858. Died January 14, 1919. 

59 



CHAPTER I 

THE RIGHTS AND DUTIES 
OF CITIZENSHIP 

In the United States the citizen is not a 
subject but a sovereign. In other countries 
the citizen is subject to laws and regulations 
which he has had no part in making. His 
rights and duties are determined by the privi- 
leged few who are in power. In the United 
States the rights and duties of the citizen are 
determined by the people, of whom he is one. 

1. Does the Declaration of Independence 

Recognize the Natural Rights of Man? 

Yes. " We hold these truths to be self-evi- 
dent, that all men are created equal ; that they 
are endowed by their Creator with certain in- 
alienable rights; that among these are life, 
liberty, and the pursuit of happiness." 

2. What is the Meaning of These Inalien- 

able Rights? 
That there are certain rights which belong 
to every man, are God-given, are born with 
61 



62 A Manual of American Citizenship 

him, and cannot be taken from him without 
injustice. 

3. What Are Governments For? 

The Declaration of Independence says: 
14 To secure these rights, governments are in- 
stituted among men, deriving their just pow- 
ers from the consent of the governed. ' ' 

4. What Has the Constitution to Say About 

Men's Rights? 

Its very purpose is to " establish justice, 
insure domestic tranquillity, and secure the 
blessings of liberty to ourselves and our pos- 
terity. ' ' 

5. For What Do Our Flag and Country 

Stand? 

For the protection and enlargement of the 
civil and religious liberties of all the people. 

6. Does the Government Protect the Rights 

of Her Citizens? 

Most of the laws of the nation deal directly 
or indirectly with the rights of her citizens 
and their mutual relations. 



Rights and Duties of Citizenship 63 

7. Are Man's Religious Rights Protected? 
There is- no established religion in the 

United States, and every citizen is free to 
choose his own religious belief and to live in 
accord with it so long as he does not interfere 
with the religious liberty of others. 

8. How Long and How Far Will the United 

States Protect the Rights of Her Citi- 
zens? 

As long as they remain citizens of the 
United States, no matter where they may hap- 
pen to be. 

9. What is Implied by These Rights? 
Corresponding duties. We must respect 

the rights of others if we expect them to re- 
spect our rights. 

10. How Are Rights and Duties Related? 

" Liberty is the power by which man can 
do what does not interfere with the rights of 
another. Its basis is nature; its standard is 
justice ; its protection is law ; its moral maxim : 
Do not unto others what you do not wish they 
should do unto you." 



64 A Manual of American Citizenship 

11. How Did Christ Define Duty? 

" Therefore all things whatsoever ye would 
that men should do to you, do ye even so to 
them." 

12. What Are the Duties of an American 

Citizen? 

To respect the rights of others and to pro- 
mote the welfare of all the people. 

13. How Should the Citizen Use His Priv- 

ilege to Vote? 
He should know as much as possible about 
the persons to be elected and the issues to be 
decided, and then vote as his conscience 
directs. 

14. What is the Citizen's Duty Respecting 

Law? 
He should obey it himself and secure its en- 
forcement as far as possible by all. 

15. What is the Citizen's Duty Respecting 

Language? 
He should use the English language in- 
telligently and try to teach others to do the 
same. 



Rights and Duties of Citizenship 65 

16. What Should the Citizen Know About 

His Country? 
He should know something about its size 
and resources; about its history and develop- 
ment; about its struggles for freedom; about 
God's help in shaping the nation; and much 
about citizenship and American ideals. 

17. What Are the Greatest Perils to Ameri- 

can Citizenship? 

Ignorance, superstition, greed, low ideals, 
sin. 



CHAPTER II 

THE LAWS OF THE 
UNITED STATES 

Greater personal, civil and religious liberty 
is enjoyed in America than anywhere else in 
the world. The people are given the greatest 
possible freedom so long as what they do does 
not interfere with the rights and liberties of 
other people. The rights and liberties and 
welfare of all the people must be protected to 
insure the liberties of each one. 

1. What Are United States Laws? 

The laws are rules and regulations made by 
the people to protect their civil and religious 
rights and liberties and the welfare of each 
and all. 

2. Why Should the Law Be Respected? 

Because in the judgment of all the people 
these laws are the best means of protecting the 
liberties of each person. 
66 



The Laws of the United States 67 

3. Who Makes These Laws and How May 

They Be Changed? 

The people make and may change these laws 
through representatives whom they elect by 
vote. 

4. Why Are Laws Necessary? 

To define the rights and liberties of the 
people and because there are some who are not 
disposed to honor the rights of others. 

5. How Are the Laws Enforced? 

The people through the Government choose 
certain men as sheriffs, policemen and others 
to enforce the law. 

6. Why Do We Call the Law-Breaker a 

Criminal? 

Because the free people of the nation con- 
sider it a crime for one person to interfere 
with the rights of another person. 

7. What is Done to the Person Who Breaks 

the Laws? 

He is arrested by an officer of the law. 



68 A Manual of American Citizenship 

8. Is the Person Arrested Considered 

Guilty? 

No. Every person is considered innocent 
till proven guilty. 

9. What Does the Law Provide for the Ar- 

rested Man? 

A fair trial before judge or jury to establish 
his innocence or guilt. 

10. What is the Result of the Trial? 

A decision by judge or jury concerning the 
guilt of the person tried, which either frees 
the accused or imposes a penalty for breaking 
the law. 

11. What is the Nature of the Penalty for 

Breaking the Law? 

The penalty is a loss of some of the law- 
breaker's own liberties: a fine, or imprison- 
ment, to prevent the continuance of the disre- 
gard of the rights of others. 

12. Is This All the Government Does? 

No. It tries to change the criminal into a 
true and loyal citizen, so that he may enjoy 
his own freedom by respecting the rights of 
others. 



CHAPTER III 

SOME LAWS EVERY ONE 
SHOULD KNOW 

1. What is the Crime against the Franchise? 

It is a crime to secure naturalization papers 
through fraud or to sell one's vote for money 
or other reward. 

2. What is the Crime Respecting Lotteries? 
It is a crime to have anything to do with 

lotteries or the buying or selling of lottery 
tickets. 

3. What is the Crime against the Flag? 

It is a crime to show disrespect to the flag 
or to use it for advertising purposes. 

4. What is the Crime Respecting the Care 

of Dumb Animals? 
All acts of cruelty to animals are severely 
punished. 

5. What is the Crime of Bigamy? 

Any person who, having a husband or wife 

69 



70 A Manual of American Citizenship 

living, marries another person, is guilty of the 
crime of bigamy. 

6. What is the Crime of Desertion? 

It is a crime for a man to abandon his fam- 
ily or to fail to provide for them. 

7. What is the Crime of Blackmail? 

It is a crime to make, send, or deliver any 
threatening letter to another to gain money 
or any other advantage. 

8. What is the Crime against Chastity? 

No one can violate personal purity or the 
sanctity of the family relation without being 
guilty of crime. 

9. What is the Crime Respecting the Sab- 

bath? 

The founders of this Republic were God- 
fearing men and honored the Sabbath as a 
Day of Rest ; the law forbids the performance 
of unnecessary labor on that day. 

10. What Does the Lav/ Require Respecting 

the Family? 
Every marriage, birth, and death must be 
duly reported to the proper civil authorities 
and recorded by them. 



CHAPTER IV 

THE NATURALIZATION 
OF THE ALIEN 

Our Country was one of the first to hold 
that a man has a right to choose his citizen- 
ship. Every one who intends to live here 
should become a citizen of the United States. 

1. Into What Two Classes Are the People 

of the United States Divided? 
Into aliens and citizens. 

2. Who Are Aliens? 

Citizens of another country who live in the 
United States. 

3. Who Are Citizens? 

(a) Every person born in the United States. 

(b) Every citizen of another country who 
is naturalized in accordance with the laws of 
the United States. 

4. What is Naturalization? 

Naturalization is the process by which a 
71 



72 A Manual of American Citizenship 

citizen of another country becomes a citizen 
of the United States. 



5. Who Can Be Naturalized? 

Citizens of all countries excepting China, 
Japan, Korea, Siam, and India who comply 
with the National and State regulations. 

6. What is the Process of Naturalization? 

The alien must secure two papers from a 
Federal or State Court before he can become a 
"citizen of the United States. 

7. What is the " Declaration of Intention "? 

It is the first paper required. The appli- 
cant must give, under oath, his or her full 
name, the name of the ship and date of ar- 
rival, and must state the intention to become 
a citizen. It costs one dollar and is good for 
seven years. 

8. What is the Second Paper? 

After two years, and before the end of seven 
years from the date of the first paper, the 
alien may apply for his or her second paper. 



The Naturalization of the Alien 73 

9. What Are the Requirements for the Sec- 

ond Paper? 

Five years' continuous residence in the 
United States and one year's continuous resi- 
dence in the State; two witnesses, who are 
citizens and have known the petitioner for 
five years previous to petition must appear 
when the petition is filed. The cost of the 
petition is four dollars. 

10. What Further Requirements Are Neces- 

sary? 

The applicant must be of good moral char- 
acter; must not believe in polygamy or anar- 
chy; must renounce allegiance to all other 
Governments; must intend to live in the 
United States and must speak the English lan- 
guage and be able to write his or her own 
name. 

11. What is the Final Step? 

An examination in court, within ninety days 
of the filing of the petition, as to the appli- 
cant's knowledge of American Citizenship and 
the history and government of the United 
States, and the taking of the oath of allegiance. 



74 A Manual of American Citizenship 

12. How Are Women Naturalized? 

Unmarried women twenty-one years of age 
and over and widows may take out natural- 
ization papers in the same way as men. The 
wife of the naturalized alien becomes a citizen 
by that act. 

13. What Are Some of the Advantages of 

Becoming a Citizen of the United 
States? 

The right to vote and hold office: the wife 
and minor children residing in this country 
become citizens: it secures certain property 
advantages and guarantees the protection of 
the citizen at home and abroad by the Gov- 
ernment of the United States. 

14. What Does the Alien Secure by Nat- 

uralization? 

Citizenship in a free country and a chance 
to give his best to make this the greatest and 
best nation in the world. 

15. How Should Citizenship in the United 

States Be Valued? 

As a high honor and a sacred trust. 



The Naturalization of the Alien 75 

16. Must the New Citizens Give Up Their 

Language and Old Customs? 
It is essential that they know English, hut 
the more of other languages they know the 
better. The United States wants everything 
good in the customs and life of those who 
settle among us. 

17. What is the Law of Allegiance to the 

United States? 
" I hereby declare, on oath, that I abso- 
lutely and entirely renounce and adjure all 
allegiance and fidelity to any foreign prince, 
potentate, state, or sovereignty, and particu- 
larly to the of of whom 

I have hitherto been a subject ; that I will sup- 
port and defend the Constitution and laws of 
the United States of America against all ene- 
mies, foreign and domestic, and that I will 
bear true faith and allegiance to the same. ' ' 



CHAPTER V 

THE CITIZEN'S SHARE 
IN GOVERNMENT 

Ours is a government of the people ; so each 
citizen has a definite share in it. America is 
just what the people make it. 

1. What is the Smallest Unit in the Ameri- 

can System of Government? 

The town, ward, or borough which safe- 
guards the local interests of the people. The 
town government is almost a pure democracy. 
Matters of public interest are decided by vote 
of the citizens. 

2. What is the Second Unit of Local Gov- 

ernment? 

The county, which deals with matters con- 
cerning a group of towns. 

3. What is the Third and Larger Unit of 

Government? 

The State, which is made up of the counties 
70 



The Citizen's Share in Government 77 

of a definite district and deals with the larger 
rights and liberties of the people. 

4. What Are the Three Branches of State 

Government? 

(a) The Executive Department, which ad- 
ministers and enforces the law. The highest 
office is that of the Governor. 

(b) The Legislative Department, consisting 
of the Senate and House of Representatives, 
which makes the laws. 

(c) The Judicial Department, which in- 
terprets the laws. 

5. What is the Largest Unit of Government 

in the United States? 
The Federal Government at "Washington, 
D. C. The President is its chief official. 

6. How Are the Officials of the Government 

Chosen? 
By vote of the people, who delegate their 
power to chosen representatives. 

7. What is Required for the Best Govern- 

ment? 
The election of honest, intelligent, trust- 
worthy representatives. 



78 A Manual of American Citizenship 

8. How Can the Election of Such Men Be 
Secured? 

By the citizens who vote only for the best 
man. 



PART III 
THE AMERICAN HOME 



The majesty and the strength of our Nation is in 
the homes of the American people. The homes of 
the people; let us keep them pure and independ- 
ent, and all will be well with the Republic. Let us 
in frugal industry make them self-sustaining. Let 
us make them homes of refinement in which we 
shall teach our daughters that modesty and pa- 
tience and gentleness are the charms of woman. 
Let us make them temples of liberty, and teach our 
sons that an honest conscience is every man's first 
political law; and that no splendor can rob him 
and no force justify the surrender of the simplest 
right of a free and independent citizen. And 
above all, let us honor God in our avocations — 
anchor them close in His love, build His altars 
above our hearthstones, uphold them in the simple 
faith of our fathers, and crown them with the 
Bible — that book of books in which all the ways 
of life are made straight and the mystery of death 
is made plain. The home is the source of our na- 
tional life. 

Henry TP. Grady. 



CHAPTER I 

THE HOME-LIFE 

America is a land of homes. The home life 
of the people is one of the most interesting 
phases of American history. In the colonial 
home and the home on the frontier is repre- 
sented the best of everything in State, Church, 
and society. The beginnings of most of our 
American industries were in the home. It is, 
next to the Church, the most important insti- 
tution of the nation, and every effort should 
be made not only to preserve its purity but to 
increase its influence. 

1. What is the Home? 

It is the permanent dwelling-place of the 
family made sacred by love. 

2. What Makes Possible a True Home? 
Love, mutual helpfulness, and right living. 

3. What Should the Home Be? 

It should be the brightest and best place on 
earth for the members of the family. 
81 



82 A Marmal of American Citizenship 

4. Is a Happy Home Dependent on Riches? 
No. The best things of home-life cannot 

be purchased with money. 

5. What Should the Home Do? 

It should create influences which will make 
it easy to resist evil, to do right, and to make 
the most of one's self. 

6. What is the Greatest Service the Home 

Can Render? 

To make religion a definite and practical 
power for each member of the family. 

7. How Can the Home Help the Commun- 

ity? 
It can train the children to be first-class 
citizens. 

8. How Does the Home-Life Train for Cit- 

izenship? 
In the intimate relations of the home are 
learned the first lessons of law, order, love, co- 
operation, and respect for the rights of others. 



CHAPTER II 
THE FAMILY 

1. What is the Family? 

The family is the unit of society and con- 
sists of a husband, wife, and children. 

2. What is the Importance of the Family? 
It is, next to the Church, the most impor- 
tant institution in the world. 

3. Why is the Family so Important? 

Because it is the source of human life, and 
out of it all other institutions arise. 

4. How Do the Standards of the Home Af- 

fect the Standards of Society? 
The moral standards of society rarely rise 
higher than the standards of the home. 

5. What is Marriage? 

Marriage is an ordinance of both Church 
and State by which one man and one woman 
are legally united for life. 

83 



84 A Manual of American Citizenship 

6. What Does Marriage Secure? 

A home-life in which children are reared 
and fitted for the largest life here and here- 
after. 

7. How Much Do Church and State Value 

the Marriage Relation? 

The marriage is considered a most sacred 
and binding obligation, and both Church and 
State consider the person who violates the 
marriage vow a criminal. 

8. How Will True Parents Treat Their 

Children? 

With the thought that they are dealing with 
immortal souls and that the eternal destiny 
of the child is largely committed to them. 

9. What Will Be the Result of This Con- 

viction? 

It will cause the parents to guard most 
carefully and stimulate the moral and spirit- 
ual development of their children. 

10. What is the Parents' Greatest Joy? 
To watch their children's growth into noble 

Christian manhood and womanhood. 



The Family 85 



11. For This End What Helps Should Be 
Sought? 

Parents should avail themselves of all the 
helps of Church and State, and especially of 
divine guidance through prayer. 



CHAPTER III 
THE CHILD IN THE HOME 

1. What is the Finest Work in the World? 

The work of training a child into noble 
Christian manhood or womanhood, fitted for 
life here and hereafter. 

2. Why is the Care of the Child So Impor- 

tant? 
Because the influences of the home in child- 
hood largely determine the after life. 

3. What is the Proof of This? 

That children usually accept the religion, 
the political party, the language, ideals and 
practices of their parents. 

4. What is the Effect of Example? 
Children are imitators; they are influenced 

more by what their parents are and do than 
by what they say. 

5. Why Are the Influences of the Home So 

Powerful? 

Parents have possession of the child at the 
time when life is most easily moulded. 
86 



The Child in the Home 87 

6. Why is This? 

God honors parentage by conferring this 
privilege and the corresponding responsi- 
bility of shaping the destiny of the rising gen- 
eration. 

7. What Should Parents Secure for Their 

Children? 

Good health, a trained mind, and a Chris- 
tian character. 



CHAPTER IV 
GOOD HEALTH 

1. Why is Good Health So Important? 

Because one cannot do his best work, help 
others, or enjoy life without it. 

2. What is Essential to Good Health? 

A proper care of the body. 

3. What Kind of Food is Required? 

Plenty of wholesome, nourishing, well- 
cooked food. "Wilted or decayed fruit or 
vegetables, tainted fish or meat, and poorly 
cooked food injure the health. 

4. What Kind of Drink is Required? 

Plenty of pure water. Milk is most nour- 
ishing. Intoxicating drinks are injurious. 

5. What Are Other Essentials of Good 

Health? 

Exercise, rest and sleep, and plenty of fresh 
air. 

88 



Good Health 89 



6. What Has Cleanliness to Do with 

Health? 

Frequent baths, a clean bed, clean clothes, 
clean food and drink, and a clean house pre- 
vent disease, promote health, and increase 
the joy of living. 

7. In Case of Common Sickness What is 

Needed? 

The attention and care of the mother first 
of all. 

8. What Has Been Provided for the Parent? 
Free dispensaries and medical advice. 

9. What Should Be Done in Case of Serious 

Sickness? 

Call a regular physician, a day nurse, or 
send the sick one to the hospital. 

10. What Should Be Avoided? 

Quack doctors, quack medicine, and adver- 
tised " medical institutes." 

11. What Do the Cities Provide for Recrea- 

tion? 
Public parks, playgrounds, bath-houses. 



CHAPTER V 
EDUCATION 

1. What Does the Government Do for the 

Intelligence of the People? 

It provides the best free public schools in 
the world. 

2. Does the Government Require School At- 

tendance? 
The Government in most States requires 
parents to send their children to school till 
they are fourteen years of age. 

3. Does it Provide Education beyond that 

Age? 

The Government provides free high schools 
and in many States furnishes College educa- 
tion without tuition; so that every ambitious 
boy or girl can secure a liberal education if 
desired. 

4. What Other Provisions Are Made for 

Education? 
There are evening schools, home and corre- 
spondence classes for all ages and conditions. 
90 



Education 91 



5. How Do Churches and Societies Help? 
The Young Men's and Young Woman's 

Christian Associations, Churches and Social 
Settlements, and many clubs and organiza- 
tions are always ready to help those who are 
willing to help themselves. 

6. Are There Still Other Agencies? 

There are libraries, art galleries, public 
reading rooms, which can be freely used. 

7. Is There Any Other Provision? 

Yes; America also provides schools for 
manual training. Any youth can learn a 
trade which will enable him to earn an honest 
living. 

8. What is the American Ideal Respecting 

Education? 

The best possible intellectual training for 
every citizen. 



CHAPTER VI 
CHARACTER 

1. What is the Most Important Work of the 

Home? 

The formation of Christian character. 

2. What is Character? 

Character is what a person really is in the 
sight of God. 

3. What is the Difference Between Char- 

acter and Reputation? 
Character is what a man is: reputation is 
what people think he is. 

4. What is the Basis of a Good Character? 

It is the endeavor to do right, and to keep 
right with one's higher self, with others, and 
with God. 

5. How Does the Home-Life Develop Char- 

acter? 
The habits of life are largely formed in 
childhood and habits mould the character. 
92 



Character 93 



6. What Truth Should Be Taught the Child 

About Himself? 

That in him there is a higher and a lower 
nature and that he should always do that 
which strengthens the best in himself, and 
that conscience is his guide. 

7. What Should the Child Be Taught in Re- 

spect to Others? 

To honor the rights of others, which is duty ; 
and to maintain his own rights, which is 
liberty. 

8. What Should the Child Be Taught in Re- 

spect to God? 

That to be right with God is the most impor- 
tant thing in life, and that God is always ready 
to help those who try to do right. 

9. What Helps the Child, or Any One to 

Get Right and to Keep Right With 
God? 

Daily prayer and the reading of the Bible 
and Church attendance. Every child should 
be taught these things in the home. 



94< A Manual of American Citizenship 

10. What Has Character to Do with Hap- 

piness? 

No one is really happy who is consciously 
doing wrong. 

11. What Has Religion to Do with Success? 
No one can make the best of himself or ac- 
complish the highest in life without making his 
relation to God the most important thing. 



CHAPTER VII 

THE HOME AND THE 
NEIGHBORHOOD 

1. What is the Relation of the Home to the 

Neighborhood? 

Every home shares with other homes the 
privileges and the responsibilities of the neigh- 
borhood. 

2. What is Essential to the Relation Be- 

tween These Homes? 

A clear understanding of rights and duties. 

3. What Are One's Rights? 
Liberties which others should respect. 

4. What Are One's Duties? 

Obligations to secure for others their per- 
sonal rights. 

5. What is the True Relationship? 

One of mutual interest and helpfulness. 

95 



96 A Manual of American Citizenship 

6. How Can Each Home Help the Neigh- 
borhood? 
By making 1 its own surroundings clean and 
attractive and by creating local pride in the 
community. 



CHAPTER VIII 

SOME THINGS EVERY 

FAMILY SHOULD 

DO 

1. Should Every Family Have a Bank Ac- 

count? 

Every family should deposit a part of its 
income in a savings bank. 

2. Should the Child Be Taught to Save? 

Every child should be encouraged to save 
money and start a personal bank account. 

3. How Should Investments Be Made? 

With greatest care. It is better to be safe 
and sure than to speculate. 

4. What Should Be the Attitude Toward 

the Government? 

That of pride in America, upholding the 
Government and respecting its laws. 
97 



98 A Manual of American Citizenship 

5. What Should Be the Treatment of Those 

Who Speak Against Marriage, the 
Home, the Church, or the State? 
They are enemies to happiness and pros- 
perity and should be treated as such. 

6. How Important is the Use of the English 

Language? 
As rapidly as possible every foreign-speak- 
ing person should learn to use English. The 
Government demands it, and it is to the per- 
sonal advantage of every person to use it. 



PART IV 
THE AMERICAN CHRISTIAN 



Let it simply be asked, Where is the security for 
property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of 
religious obligation desert the oaths which are the 
instruments of investigation in courts of justice? 
And let us with caution indulge the supposition 
that morality can be maintained without religion. 
Whatever may be conceded to the influence of re- 
fined education on minds of peculiar structure, rea- 
son and experience both forbid us to expect that 
national morality can prevail in exclusion of re- 
ligious principle. 

From Washington's Farewell Address. 



CHAPTER I 

GOD AND HIS UNIVERSE 

There are certain great questions which 
arise in the mind of every thinking person. 
Is there a God ? Does He care for us ? What 
is Life? Does death end all? Why is there 
trouble in the world? What is Religion? 
What is the Church for? Is there help 
through prayer? These are questions which 
directly affect human happiness, success and 
usefulness. And further, one's answers to 
these questions largely determine one's value 
as an American Citizen. 

1. What Are the Two Views of God and the 
Universe? 

(a) That there is no God and that every- 
things happens by chance. 

(b) That there is a personal God who made 
and governs the universe and all things con- 
nected with it. > 

101 



102 A Manual of American Citizenship 

2. Why is it Impossible to Believe in a 

Godless Universe? 
It is unreasonable, every intelligent person 
knows there is a Divine Power. 

3. What Does the Belief in a Personal God 

Imply? 

That He made the earth for His own glory 
and for the dwelling-place of man. 

4. What Kind of a Man Meets the Divine 

Requirements? 

One who believes in and takes the Lord 
Jesus Christ as his Saviour and becomes more 
and more like Him. 

5. What is God's Relation to Man and the 

Universe? 
He rules in love and justice to make the 
world beautiful and man free, intelligent, and 
happy. 

6. Where Are the Revelations of God Made? 

(a) In nature. 

(b) In the human conscience. 

(c) In the Bible. 



CHAPTER II 
THE BIBLE 

1. What is the Bible? 

The Bible is God's Word, written by men 
inspired by Him to teach the world what God 
is and how He deals with men, and how men 
knowing and obeying Him may live the 
largest, best, and happiest life here and here- 
after. 

2. What Are the Two Divisions of the Bi- 

ble? 

The Old Testament of 39 books and the New 
Testament of 27 books. 

3. Who Wrote the Bible and How Long 

Did it Take? 

There were many writers and it took more 
than a thousand years to write it. 

4. What Great Lesson Does the Old Testa- 

ment Teach? 
That there is but one true and living God, 
and that He has a plan for men and nations. 
103 



104 A Manual of American Citizenship 

5. What is the Purpose of the New Testa- 

ment? 
To tell the world about the life and mis- 
sion of the Lord Jesus Christ and about the 
beginnings of the Christian Church. 

6. What Does the New Testament Teach 

About the Life of the Lord Jesus 

Christ? 
That the Lord Jesus Christ was divine, and 
by His life gave to the world the perfect ideal 
of life. 

7. What Was the Mission of the Lord Jesus 

Christ? 

To uplift and save the world. 

(a) By revealing the character of God as 
our Heavenly Father. 

(b) By revealing the possibilities of man 
as the child of God. 

(c) By revealing how through Christ the 
world might be saved and brought 
into right relations with God. 

8. What Does President Wilson Say of the 

Bible? 

* i It is the one supreme source of revelation, 








J5S?" 



OUR PRESIDENT 

WOODROW WILSON 

President 1913- 
Born Dec. 28. 1856. 

105 



The Bible 107 



the revelation of the meaning of life, the na- 
ture of God, and the spiritual nature and 
needs of men. It is the only guide of life 
which really leads the spirit in the way of 
peace and salvation. If men could but be 
made to know it intimately and for what it 
really is, we should have secured both indi- 
vidual and social regeneration. The Bible is 
the Word of Life. I beg you to read it and 
find out for yourself.' ' 



CHAPTER III 
MAN 

1. What Do the Bible and Christ Teach 

About Man? 

That he is a child of God and made in the 
image of his Creator. 

2. Are All Men True Sons? 

No. Some lose their birthright by refus- 
ing to acknowledge God as Father and to do 
what He wishes. 

3. Has God a Plan for Every One? 

Yes. There is a definite plan for each per- 
son in the Gospel of Christ. 

4. What is the Nature of God's Plan for 

Each Person? 

Something better and more joyous than any- 
thing one could do for himself. 

5. Does God Compel Us to Obey His Will? 
No. He gives us freedom to obey or dis- 
obey Him as we please. 

108 



Man 109 

6. What is the Result of Disobeying God? 
It always means in the end loss, unhappi- 

ness, suffering and spiritual death, that is, 
exile from God. 

7. What Does the Bible Call This Disobed- 

ience? 
Sin. 

8. What Does Sin Do? 

It separates us from God, and makes impos- 
sible the enjoyment of His presence or associa- 
tion with those who love and obey Him. 

9. What Do Christ and the Bible Teach 

About Death and the Immortal Life? 

That the body of man dies but that the soul 
has endless existence. 

10. What is Taught About Life After 

Death? 

That it is a life of activity and joy and love 
greater and better than anything known here, 
prepared for those who are true and obedient 
children of God. 

11. Will This Enjoyment Be Shared by All? 

No. The Bible, Christ, and reason teach 



110 A Manual of American Citizenship 

that continuance in sin makes impossible the 
enjoyment of Heaven. 

12. Shall We Know Our Friends in Heaven? 

Yes. The immortal life begins on earth. 
It preserves our personal identity, memory, 
and love. 



CHAPTER IV 
RELIGION 

1. What is Religion? 

True religion is the union of the human soul 
with God. 

2. Are All People Religious? 

No intelligent person can live long without 
craving to be at peace with God; but some 
foolishly stifle the desire. 

3. What is the Value of Religion to the Hu- 

man Soul? 
True religion is the highest expression of 
human life, and no one can live at his best 
without the development of his religious na- 
ture. 

4. Does God Make the Complete Plan of 

Our Life Plain to Us? 
Only as we endeavor, step by step to obey 
Him. 

ill 



CHAPTER V 
SIN AND TEMPTATION 

1. What is Sin? 

It is doing wrong or failing to do right. It 
is the breaking of a law designed for our good 
and the good of all. 

2. How Do We Know a Thing is Wrong? 
In many ways, but especially by our con- 
science. 

3. Is Sin Punished? 

Always the sinner will suffer for his sin 
here or hereafter. 

4. How Can One Escape From Sin? 

By repentance, confession, and the accept- 
ance of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

5. What is Temptation? 

Anything which leads to sin. 

6. Is the Temptation a Sin? 

It is the yielding to the temptation and not 
the temptation which is sin. 
112 



Sin and Temptation 113 

7. Why Are We Tempted? 

To test us and to make us strong through 
resistance. 

8. How Can One Overcome Temptation? 
By seeking God's help and acting upon it. 



CHAPTER VI 
THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH 

1. What is a Christian Church? 

A company of Christians organized for 
work, worship, and the common welfare. 

2. What Are the Two Great Purposes of the 

Church? 

(a) To strengthen one another in service, 
faith, and life. 

(b) To make Christ known to the world. 

3. Why Should Christians Unite With the 

Church? 
For the help they will receive ; for the good 
they can do ; and because God requires them to 
confess Him before men. 

4. Who is the Supreme and Only Head of 

the Church? 

The Lord Jesus Christ. 

5. Who Alone Can Forgive Us Our Sin? 

God, through the Lord Jesus Christ. 
114 



The Christian Church 115 

6. What is the Supreme Authority as to 

Doctrine in the Christian Church? 

The Bible. 

7. What Are the Two Sacraments of the 

Christian Church? 

Baptism and the Lord's Supper. 

8. What is Christian Baptism? 

A sacrament or ordinance of the Christian 
Church, instituted by Christ as an initiatory 
rite, consisting in the immersion of the person 
in water, or in the application of water to the 
person by affusion or by sprinkling, by an au- 
thorized administrator, " in the name of the 
Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy 
Ghost/ ' 

9. What is the Lord's Supper? 

A sacrament, or an ordinance, instituted by 
Christ for observance by His followers, and 
consisting in the blessing or consecration of 
bread and wine and the subsequent eating and 
drinking of the sacred elements. 



116 A Manual of American Citizenship 

10. Why Should the Lord's Supper Be Ob- 
served? 
Because Christ commanded it, because we 
love and honor Him, and because it is a source 
of spiritual blessing to every one who partakes 
of it. 



CHAPTER VII 
PRAYER 

1. What is Prayer? 

It is talking, or communing with God. 

2. What is the Basis of Belief in Prayer? 
If God is our Father — if we are His chil- 
dren and share with Him in His great purpose 
— then prayer is most reasonable. 

3. In Whose Name Should We Pray? 
In the name of the Lord Jesus Christ. 

4. What Did Christ Teach About Prayer? 

1 ' Ask and ye shall receive ; seek and ye shall 
find ; knock and it shall be opened unto you. ' ' 

5. What Was Christ's Practice? 

He was much in prayer, especially in hours 
of need, and was greatly strengthened by it. 

6. For What Should Men Pray? 

We may take everything that interests us to 
God in prayer, but we should especially pray 
117 



118 A Manual of American Citizenship 

that we may be kept from sin, and made strong 
to do our duty. 

7. What is the Model Prayer? 
Our Lord's Prayer. 

8. Does God Answer? 

Yes. But not always just when and as we 
seek, yet always in the way which is best for 
us. 



CHAPTER VIII 
GOD 

1. What Do the Bible and Christ Teach Us 

About God? 
That God is a Spirit, infinite, eternal, all- 
powerful and unchangeable. 

2. What Do the Bible and Christ Teach 

About God's Relation to Man? 
That He is our Father and that we are made 
in His image. 

3. Are There More Gods Than One? 
There is but one true and living God. 

4. How Has God Revealed Himself to the 

World? 

In three persons, the Father, the Son and 
the Holy Spirit — yet in substance but one 
God. 

5. Who is the Lord Jesus Christ? 

The Son of God who became man to make 
God known to the world and to save men from 
sin and its consequences. 
119 



120 A Manual of American Citizenship 

6. Where Was Christ Born? 
In Bethlehem of Judea. 

7. What Kind of a Deatn Did He Die? 
He was crucified. 

8. What Took Place After His Death? 
He victoriously arose from the dead. 

9. What Did He Establish? 
His Church and Kingdom. 

10. What is to Be the Future of His Church? 

Christ and the Bible foretell the time when 
the principles of Christ shall everywhere pre- 
vail and every one acknowledge Him to be 
King of kings and Lord of lords. 

11. What Did Christ Say Was the First and 

Great Commandment? 

' ' Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all 
thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all 
thy mind, and with all thy strength/' 

12. What Did Christ Say Was the Second 

Commandment ? 
' c Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself. ' ' 



God 121 

13. What Did Christ Say Was His New 

Commandment ? 
" Love one another as I have loved you." 

14. What Did Christ Say Was the Golden 

Rule? 

' l All things whatsoever ye would that men 
should do unto you, even so do ye also unto 
them." 

15. What Would Take Place if These Four 

Great Rules of Christ Were Obeyed? 

They would solve all the great problems of 
life. 

16. What Did Jesus Promise His Disciples? 
:i I will pray the Father, and He shall give 

you another Comforter, that He may be with 
you for ever, even the Spirit of Truth. 

17. What Does Christ Say About the 

Spirit's Presence? 
" He abideth with you, and shall be in you." 

18. What Does the Holy Spirit Tell Us? 
The Spirit through our spirits assures us 

that we are the children of God. 



122 A Manual of American Citizenship 

19. What Does the Holy Spirit Do for Us? 
The Spirit guides us into all the truth. 

20. What is Said of Those Who Follow the 

Guidance of the Holy Spirit? 
11 As many as are led by the Spirit of God 
they are the children of God." 

21. What Will the Holy Spirit Do for Us? 

He will give us power to do all that God re- 
quires of us. 

22. How Does the Holy Spirit Work in Us? 
In many ways ; — a pure conscience is the 

Voice of God in us. 

23. What is the Result of the Co-operation 

of the Holy Spirit With Our Spirits? 

The fruit of the Spirit is love, joy, peace, 
longsuffering, kindness, goodness, faithful- 
ness, meekness, self-control. 



CHAPTER IX 
THE CHRISTIAN LIFE 

1. What is a Christian? 

A Christian is one who has accepted Christ 
as his Saviour and who tries to live as Christ 
would have him live. 

2. How Does One Become a Christian? 
By believing in Christ, confessing allegiance 

to Him, and by living the Christian life. 

3. Why Should Every One Be a Christian? 

Because it is the highest and noblest kind of 
life. Because through union with Christ 
power is given to men to overcome the world. 
Because it is the only way by which a man can 
be saved from his sins and so secure eternal 
life. 

4. Does the Christian Have to Give Up 

Many Things? 

Yes. But nothing that does not savor of 
sin. The Christian does not have to give up a 

123 



124 A Manual of American Citizenship 

single thing which he would not willingly give 
up if he knew what was best for him. 

5. What is the Guide-Book to the Christian 

Life? 

The Bible, which should be read daily. 

6. What is Another Great Aid in Living the 

Christian Life? 

Prayer to begin and end the day and prayer 
often between. 

7. How Does the Church Aid in Living the 

Christian Life? 
Through worship, service and fellowship 
with other Christians. 

8. What is the Greatest Aid in Living the 

Christian Life? 
The abiding presence of the Holy Spirit. 



CHAPTEE X 

CHRISTIANITY AND 
DEMOCRACY 

1. What is the Attitude of the Bible Toward 

Democracy? 

It is the great Charter of Human Freedom. 

2. What Has Been the Effect of the Bible 

on National Life? 
It has always worked in harmony with the 
interests of civil and religious liberty. 

3. What Does Christianity Involve? 

It involves a complete democracy of life. 

4. What Has Been One of the Great Results 

of the Spread of Christianity? 

It has been the extension of privilege from 
the few to the many. 

5. What Will Be One of the Final Results 

of the Spread of Christianity? 

An ideal social order with equal rights, com- 
125 



126 A Manual of American Citizenship 

plete justice, and happiness for all men in all 
stations of life. 

6. Why Should Every One Be Interested in 

the Spread of Christianity? 
Because Christianity is the most powerful 
force in the world against selfishness, greed, 
and autocracy. 

7. Why Should Every One Work for the 

Spread of Christianity? 
Because it is the only power in the world 
which will successfully preserve and increase 
civil and religious liberty. 

8. What Alone Will Save the World? 

Education cannot save the world. Wealth 
cannot save the world. Culture cannot save 
the world. A better man is the only force 
which can save the world, and the only power 
that makes the best man is that which comes 
from God through the Lord Jesus Christ. 

THE TEN COMMANDMENTS 

I. Thou shalt have no other gods before me. 

II. Thou shalt not make unto thee any 
graven image, or any likeness of any thing 



Christianity and Democracy 127 

that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth 
beneath, or that is in the water under the 
earth: thou shalt not bow down thyself to 
them, nor serve them: for I the Lord thy 
God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity 
of the fathers upon the children unto the 
third and fourth generation of them that 
hate me ; and showing mercy unto thousands 
of them that love me, and keep my command- 
ments. 

III. Thou shalt not take the name of the 
Lord thy God in vain: for the Lord will not 
hold him guiltless that taketh his name in 
vain. 

IV. Kemember the Sabbath-day, to keep it 
holy. Six days shalt thou labor, and do all 
thy work : but the seventh day is the Sabbath 
of the Lord thy God : in it thou shalt not do 
any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daugh- 
ter, thy man-servant, nor thy maid-servant, 
nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within 
thy gates: for in six days the Lord made 
heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them 
is, and rested the seventh day ; wherefore the 
Lord blessed the Sabbath-day, and hallowed 
it. 

V. Honor thy father and thy mother; that 



128 A Manual of American Citizenship 

thy days may be long upon the land which 
the Lord thy God giveth thee. 

VI. Thou shalt not kill. 

VII. Thou shalt not commit adultery. 

VIII. Thou shalt not steal. 

IX. Thou shalt not bear false witness 
against thy neighbor. 

X. Thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's 
house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbor's 
wife, nor his man-servant, nor his maid-serv- 
ant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that 
is thy neighbor's. Exod. 20 : 3-17. 

THE SUM OF THE TEN COMMANDMENTS 

Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all 
thy heart, and with all thy soul, and with all 
thy mind. This is the first and great com- 
mandment. 

And the second is like unto it, Thou shalt 
love thy neighbor as thyself. 

On these two commandments, hang all the 
law and the prophets. Matt. 22 : 37-40. 

THE LORD'S PRAYER 

Our Father which art in heaven, 
Hallowed be thy name. 



Christianity and Democracy 129 

Thy kingdom come. 

Thy will be done in earth as it is in heaven. 

Give us this day our daily bread. 

And forgive us our debts as we forgive our 

debtors. 
And lead us not into temptation; 
But deliver us from evil. 
For thine is the kingdom, and the power, 

and the glory, for ever. Amen. 

THE CREED 

I believe in God the Father Almighty, 
Maker of heaven and earth: And in Jesus 
Christ his only Son, our Lord ; who was con- 
ceived by the Holy Ghost, born of the Virgin 
Mary, suffered under Pontius Pilate, was 
crucified, dead, and buried; the third day he 
rose from the dead ; he ascended into heaven, 
and sitteth on the right hand of God the 
Father Almighty; from thence he shall come 
to judge the quick and the dead. 

I believe in the Holy Ghost ; the holy Catho- 
lic Church ; the communion of saints ; the for- 
giveness of sins ; the resurrection of the body ; 
and the life everlasting. Amen. 






LB0'19 



